DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF ISLAMIC CULTURE IN THE FIELDS OF SCIENCE, ART, AND LITERATURE

Abstract

This article explores the historical and cultural evolution of 
Transoxiana from the emergence of Islam in the seventh century to the early 
twentieth century, emphasizing the decisive role of Islam in shaping the region’s 
political, spiritual, and intellectual life. The study identifies four major stages 
of cultural development, with particular focus on the ninth–twelfth centuries as 
the early phase of the Central Asian Renaissance and the fourteenth–fifteenth 
centuries as its most advanced stage during the Timurid era. Special attention 
is devoted to the development of the madrasa system as a central institution 
of education, outlining its structure, curriculum, and social significance. In 
addition, the article highlights achievements in science, literature, music, and 
the arts, as well as the contributions of prominent poets and scholars within 
the broader framework of Islamic civilization. In the seventh century, the final 
universal religion, Islam, emerged in the Arabian Peninsula.