International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities Research · Vol. 2 No. January Issue (2026)

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ART OF BOOKMAKING IN THE KOKAND KHANATE: SOURCES, SCHOOLS, AND CRAFTSMEN

Authors

  • Mubinabonu Zokirova International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan

Keywords

Kokand Khanate, art of bookmaking, manuscripts, calligraphy, calligraphers, manuscript illumination, miniature painting, libraries, madrasas, scholarly heritage, manuscript sources, calligraphic schools, Fergana Valley, cultural heritage, Islamic book arts.

Abstract

This article examines the formation and development of the art of 
bookmaking in the Kokand Khanate, its role in the socio-cultural life of the period, and 
its contribution to the advancement of science and education. The study highlights the 
creative activities of calligraphers, illuminators, painters, and manuscript decorators 
who worked within the khanate, while also analyzing the emergence and development 
of bookmaking centres. Particular attention is paid to manuscript sources, libraries, 
madrasas, and the court environment that influenced the growth of the art of book 
production. The article explores the bookmaking traditions and calligraphic schools 
that developed in major cultural centres such as Kokand, Margilan, Namangan, and 
Andijan, emphasizing their distinctive characteristics. Based on historical and scholarly 
sources, the research demonstrates that the art of bookmaking in the Kokand Khanate 
constituted an important component of the cultural heritage of Central Asia and played 
a significant role in the development of national written culture.

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