Articles · Vol. 2 No. 9 (2026)

Religious Composition And Historical Ethno-Religious Factors In Malaysia

Authors

  • Anvar MUSTAFOYEV

Keywords

Malaysia religious composition ethno-religious diversity Islam ethnic relations multiculturalism New Economic Policy Islamic movements Islamization national identity

Abstract

This article examines the religious composition of Malaysia and the historical ethno-religious factors that have shaped its social and political development. It analyzes the relationship between ethnic diversity and religious affiliation, focusing particularly on Malays, Chinese, Indians, and indigenous communities. The study explores the historical development of Malaysia’s multicultural society, the constitutional framework governing ethnic and religious relations, and the political tensions that culminated in the May 13, 1969 ethnic riots. Particular attention is given to the New Economic Policy, its socioeconomic consequences, and the subsequent growth of Islamic movements and Islamization policies. The article argues that Malaysia’s experience demonstrates the complex interaction between religion, ethnicity, political identity, socioeconomic inequality, and national unity. It also highlights the government’s efforts to promote moderate Islam and institutionalize religious values while maintaining a multicultural social framework.

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